The place relating to engraving, cutting, or polishing of stones and gems is known as a lapidary, while a person who cuts and polishes gems is called a gem cutter or a lapidarist. Gemstone material that has not been extensively cut and polished is referred to generally as rough. Rough material that has been lightly

Topaz is a silicate mineral of aluminium and fluorine with the chemical formula Al₂SiO₄(F, OH)₂. Topaz crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, and its crystals are mostly prismatic terminated by pyramidal and other faces. Topaz actually has an exceptionally wide color range that, besides brown, includes various tones and saturations of blue, green, yellow, orange, red,